The employment of persons under the age of 18 in Bulgaria is subject to stringent legal oversight designed to protect their physical and mental well-being. Bulgarian labour law recognises the vulnerability of minors and ensures that any employment relationship prioritises their safety, education, and development. Employers considering the recruitment of minors must navigate a tightly regulated process involving permits, medical evaluations, and workplace safeguards.
General Conditions for Employing Minors
Minimum Employment Age
In Bulgaria, the minimum legal age for employment is 16.
Individuals younger than 16 may be employed only under exceptional
circumstances, provided the work is light, does not pose health
risks, and does not interfere with education. Children aged 14
(girls) and 13 (boys) may work in circuses or participate in
artistic or media productions (e.g., theatre, film, television),
under strict conditions that protect their welfare.
Labour Inspectorate Approval: A Mandatory Step
Employers must obtain a formal permit from the Labour Inspectorate
before hiring anyone under 18. This applies on a case-by-case basis
and is non-negotiable. The application must include:
- A detailed job description
- Workplace risk assessment
- Occupational health service opinion
- Medical certificate from a physician confirming suitability of the role
- Work schedule
- Written parental/guardian consent
The Labour Inspectorate reviews each case thoroughly and may request additional documentation. Approval is granted for specific individuals and positions only.
Working Time Restrictions
Minors may work a maximum of 35 hours per week, with no more than 7
hours per day, and only within a five-day workweek. Overtime, night
shifts, and work on public holidays or weekends are generally
prohibited.
Prohibited Types of Work
Bulgarian law explicitly bans minors from being employed in roles
that:
- Require physical or psychological strength beyond their capacity
- Involve exposure to hazardous chemicals, biological agents, or radiation
- Present extreme temperature, noise, or vibration hazards
- Pose safety risks the minor may not fully comprehend or avoid
Employer Responsibilities
Employers must implement adjusted working conditions tailored to
minors, provide opportunities for skill development, and ensure the
minor and their guardian are informed of any workplace risks.
Furthermore, employees under 18 are entitled to enhanced annual
leave—at least 26 working days.
Eurofast's Take
Hiring minors in Bulgaria involves more than just
compliance—it's about creating a responsible and
nurturing work environment. Eurofast assists companies by managing
the permit application process, conducting legal checks, and
advising on compliant job roles and work conditions for underage
employees. Our legal and payroll experts help businesses avoid
penalties while promoting youth employment in line with Bulgarian
legislation.
The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.
